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The Model
The first step in defining The Model was to source and calculate accurate base data specifying the physical dimensions and mass of the simulated Tower elements:
Tower Dimensions
- Tower Width
- Tower Height (Above Grade)
- Tower Core Width
- Tower Core Length
- Tower Floors
- Tower Floors (Above Grade)
- Tower Floors (Below Grade)
Floor Dimensions
- Floor Height (Storey Average)
- Floor Height (Structural Average)
- Floor Height (Floor to Ceiling Average)
- Floor Area (Inside Core)
- Floor Area (Outside Core)
- Floor Area (Total)
- Floor Concrete Thickness (Inside Core)
- Floor Concrete Thickness (Outside Core)
- Floor Concrete Area (Outside Core)
- Floor Concrete Area (Inside Core)
- Floor Concrete Volume (Average Outside Core)
- Floor Concrete Volume (Average Inside Core)
- Floor Concrete Volume (Average)
Tower Masses
- Concrete Density (Outside Core)
- Concrete Density (Inside Core)
- Floor Mass Steel (Average)
- Floor Mass Concrete (Above Grade Average)
- Floor Mass Steel (Above Grade Average)
- Floor Mass (Above Grade Average)
- Floor Mass Construction Deal Load (Inside Core Above Grade)
- Floor Mass Static Dead Load (Inside Core Above Grade)
- Floor Mass Live Load (Inside Core Above Grade)
- Floor Mass Construction Deal Load (Outside Core Above Grade)
- Floor Mass Static Dead Load (Outside Core Above Grade)
- Floor Mass Live Load (Outside Core Above Grade)
- Tower Mass (Above Grade)
- Tower Mass Concrete (Above Grade)
- Tower Mass Steel
- Mass of Aircraft
- Mass of Roof and Antenna
Step 2 was to define some static energetics properties:
Static Energetics Properties
- Concrete Energy (Fracture Outside Core)
- Concrete Energy (Fracture Inside Core)
- Concrete Energy (Crush Outside Core 60)
- Collapse Energy per Floor (Perimeter)
- Collapse Energy per Floor (Core)
- Concrete Crush Scale (avg)
- Concrete Crush Scale (Maximum)
- Concrete Crush Scale (Minimum)
- Energy to Crush Concrete per Floor (avg)
- Energy to Collapse Support per Floor (avg)
- Floor Mass Loss Percentage per Floor Impact
- Cap Mass Loss Percentage per Floor Impact
Step 3 was to model the dynamic energetics behaviour of the collapse:
Dynamic Energetics Properties
- Initial Failure Floor
- Initial Cap Floors
- Initial Cap Mass
- First Stage Collapse Time
- First Stage First Impact Velocity
- First Stage Final Impact Velocity
- Second Stage Final Impact Velocity
- Second Stage Collapse Time
- FULL COLLAPSE TIME
- Collapse End Floor
- Energy Tower (Maximum)
- Energy to Heat per Tower
- Energy to Break Support per Tower (Above Grade)
- Energy to crush concrete per Tower (Above Grade)
- Energy Usage
- Energy Remaining
- Air Density
- "Free-fall" Timing
- Floor Air Volume
Per Storey Dynamic Energetics Properties
- Mass Initial
- Velocity Initial
- Time To Fall One Storey
- Velocity Pre Impact
- Kinetic Energy Pre Impact
- Mass Post Impact
- Velocity Post Impact
- Kinetic Energy Post Impact
- Kinetic Energy Consumed as Heat
- Kinetic Energy Consumed Breaking Support Structure
- Kinetic Energy Consumed Crushing Concrete
- Kinetic Energy Remaining
- Mass Lost
- Mass Final
- Velocity Final
- Time Total
Please view the WTC Energetics (Download) spreadsheet for full details.
(Temporary Edit to be completed)
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